Transition as a paradigm for reading the evolution of societies
Human civilizations evolve through multiple connected transitions that determine new social, linguistic and customs forms, new technological and epistemological paradigms, cultural, literary and artistic conceptions and productions. Historically, the term ‘revolution’ has often been used to describe a transition from one state to another, but this concept is more appropriate if it refers to the manner of change (abrupt, violent, radical, dramatic) than to the phenomenon itself.
Transition processes are complex and multidimensional, involving different sectors, actors and decision-making levels and differing in their causes and implications. They are influenced by numerous variables, representing economic, social, political, technological, environmental and cultural aspects. The potential radicality of the implications of a transition also reveals a further trait, represented by the situation of uncertainty that is created in moments of transition: uncertainty about the times, the directions, the areas that will be affected by the transition and the extent of the related effects.
Transition processes concern society and can be triggered by various factors including new emerging technologies, new business models, new sociopolitical approaches and, more generally, by factors deriving from research and innovation activities. A characteristic factor of transition processes is the dynamic interaction between a multiplicity of phenomena, even very different and distant from each other.
Transitions are dynamic processes whose management requires short, medium and long-term tools, which first of all allow the understanding of the phenomenon, its typification as a transition phenomenon and which enable observers and decision-makers to simulate, plan and implement actions multi-dimensional, multi-level, multi-scale, with the involvement of all actors.
Transitions can generally have a negative impact on resources and the balance of the planet. The most recent ones have also shown a strong acceleration and frequency of occurrence. Their impacts, if not governed, could generate harmful and irreversible effects.
The study of the characteristics of transitions is aimed at understanding and building a theory (analysis) and identifying tools that drive (management) the completion of current transitions in a few decades, guaranteeing climate neutrality.
Effective governance and appropriate and aware policies can guide transition processes: technologies, rules, incentives, coordination between institutions and operators are instrumental in controlling the process and directing it towards socially desirable goals.